Citation

McDougal L, Strathdee SA, Rangel G, Martinez G, Vera A, Sirotin N, Stockman JK, Ulibarri MD, Raj A. Violence Vict. 2013; 28(3): 496-512.

Affiliation

San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2013, Springer Publishing)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

23862312

Abstract

This study examines the prevalence of miscarriage/stillbirth among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) and measures its associations with physical and sexual violence. Baseline data from 582 FSW-IDUs enrolled in an HIV intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico were used for current analyses. 30% of participants had experienced at least one miscarriage/stillbirth, 51% had experienced sexual violence, and 49% had experienced physical violence. History of miscarriage/stillbirth was associated with sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7, p = .02) but not physical violence. Additional reproductive risks associated with miscarriage/stillbirth included high numbers of male clients in the previous month (aOR = 1.1 per 30 clients, p = 0.04), history of abortion (aOR = 3.7, p < .001), and higher number of pregnancies (aOR = 1.4 per additional pregnancy, p < .001). Programs and research with this population should integrate reproductive health and consider gender-based violence.

Language: en