Citation

Nakamura K, Kosaka H, Kadota K, Shimizu K. JSAE Rev. 2003; 24(4): 417-424.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2003, Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/S0389-4304(03)00084-5

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to introduce a newly developed motor-assisted 4WD system for small front-wheel-drive vehicles. We studied the performance needed by 4WD vehicles in daily use, especially in snowy areas, and concluded that start-off traction on low-[mu] roads is the most important requirement. This new system is composed of a simple motor drive unit with minimum driving force, but through integrated control of the engine and motor torque, it provides ample 4WD performance on snowy and icy roads and on sandy beaches.