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Citation |
Kira IA, Lewandowski L, Ashby JS, Somers C, Chiodo L, Odenat L. J. Aggression Maltreat. Trauma 2014; 23(5): 431-453. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2014, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
unavailable |
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Abstract |
This study explored the effects of bullying victimization (BV), as a Type II traumatic stressor, on intelligence quotient (IQ), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complex PTSD symptoms. Participants were 390 African American and Iraqi refugee adolescents. Measures of BV, cumulative life trauma, PTSD, discrimination, and IQ were administered. Correlational, multilevel regression, and path analyses were conducted. BV, independent of cumulative trauma, and discrimination were found to have significant direct effects on increased PTSD symptoms and significant direct and indirect negative effects on perceptual reasoning, processing speed, and working memory. BV was also associated with increases in the discrepancy between perceptual reasoning and verbal comprehension. The implications of these results for the prevention and treatment of bullying victims are discussed. |