Citation

Fontana FE, Uding A, Cleneden A, Cain L, Shaddox LA, Mack MG. Braz. J. Motor Behav. 2014; 8: e1.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, Sociedade Brasileira de Comportamento Motor)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Morbidity and mortality are possible outcomes of falls among the elderly. Understanding of potentially ineffective gaze behaviors adopted during aging may lead to strategies that can be useful in fall prevention programs geared towards older adults. Thus, the purpose of this project was to compare the gaze behavior of older adults to young adults during locomotor tasks requiring participants to change the direction and vary the speed of walking. Older adults were further divided into high- and low-risk of falling groups based on scores in the Berg balance scale and pre-established risk factor criteria. Gaze behavior was measured using the applied sciences eye tracking system as participants walked under four different conditions (straight-path/normal-pace, 45 ◦ angle-path/normal-pace, 90 ◦ angle-path/normal-pace, and straight-path/fast-pace). A 3 (groups) X 2 (targets) X 4 (conditions) mixed design ANOVA was computed for each of the following dependent variables: target fixation duration, fixation to toe-off interval, and gaze-off to heel-contact interval. The results suggest that, independent of group or target, fixations on target were shorter, the faster participants walked.

RESULTS also revealed that older adults at high-risk of falling tended to move their gaze off the to-be-stepped-on target before actually making heel contact with the target, whereas the young and older adults at low-risk of falling did not. Based on these results we recommend warning older adults about the negative effects of walking speed on their ability to recognize and comprehend the challenges on the ground ahead by suggesting they slow down when walking. Another strategy is to train older adults to make heel contact with the ground before transferring their gaze to another aspect of the environment, which may serve to reduce the likelihood of tripping. Interventions to improve the gaze behavior of older adults at high-risk of falling should be tested.

Language: en