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Journal Article

Citation

Lee J, Manousakis J, Fielding J, Anderson C. Sleep 2014; 38(5): 765-775.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Publisher Associated Professional Sleep Societies)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

25515101

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES:
Alcohol and sleep loss are leading causes of motor vehicle crashes, whereby attention failure is a core causal factor. Despite a plethora of data describing the effect of alcohol and sleep loss on vigilant attention, little is known about their effect on voluntary and involuntary visual attention processes.
DESIGN:
Repeated-measures, counterbalanced design.
SETTING:
Controlled laboratory setting.
PARTICIPANTS:
Sixteen young (18-27 y; M = 21.90 ± 0.60 y) healthy males.
INTERVENTIONS:
Participants completed an attention test battery during the afternoon (13:00-14:00) under four counterbalanced conditions: (1) baseline; (2) alcohol (0.05% breath alcohol concentration); (3) sleep restriction (02:00-07:00); and (4) alcohol/sleep restriction combined. This test battery included a Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) as a measure of vigilant attention, and two ocular motor tasks-visually guided and antisaccade-to measure the involuntary and voluntary allocation of visual attention.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:
Only the combined condition led to reductions in vigilant attention characterized by slower mean reaction time, fastest 10% responses, and increased number of lapses (P < 0.05) on the PVT. In addition, the combined condition led to a slowing in the voluntary allocation of attention as reflected by increased antisaccade latencies (P < 0.05). Sleep restriction alone however increased both antisaccade inhibitory errors [45.8% errors versus < 28.4% all others; P < 0.001] and the involuntary allocation of attention, as reflected by faster visually guided latencies (177.7 msec versus > 185.0 msec all others) to a peripheral target (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
Our data reveal specific signatures for sleep related attention failure: the voluntary allocation of attention is impaired, whereas the involuntary allocation of attention is enhanced. This provides key evidence for the role of distraction in attention failure during sleep loss.
© 2015 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.


Keywords: Driver distraction; alcohol; sleep restriction, vigilance


Language: en

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