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Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of providing equipment for use during school recess on elementary school children's physical activity.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 fifth-grade children (63 boys) from two elementary schools were assigned to an intervention group (n = 39) or a control group (n = 59). The intervention group received equipment such as volleyballs and oval balls. The children's physical activity was measured using accelerometry before and three months after receiving the equipment. Evaluated indicators were time spent engaging in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity during break, lunch recess, and the entire school day. Analysis of covariance--with sex, body mass index, and physical activity level prior to receipt of the equipment as covariates--was performed to examine the differences between two groups with respect to physical activity after receiving the equipment.
Results: During break, lunch recess, and the entire school day, data were collected from 23, 25, and 18 children in the intervention group. In the control group, it was done from 41, 42, and 37 children, respectively. During break and lunch recess, the intervention group was less likely to engage in sedentary behavior (p = 0.01, p < 0.01) and more likely to engage in light physical activity (p < 0.01, p < 0.01) than the control group. Regarding vigorous physical activity during break, the intervention group was less likely to engage in vigorous physical activity (p = 0.02). During the entire school day, the intervention group was more likely to engage in moderate physical activity (p = 0.03) than the control group.
Conclusion: The availability of equipment for use during recess was associated with high levels of physical activity. |
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Vernacular Abstract
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目的：本研究の目的は休み時間に用具を提供することによる小学校児童の身体活動への効果を検討することである．
方法：介入校（n＝39）及び統制校（n＝59）の各1校の小学校に在籍する5年生合計98名（男子63名）を対象とし介入研究を行った．介入校にはバレーボールや楕円球などのボールを用具として提供した．身体活動の測定には加速度計を用い，用具提供前とその3ヵ月後に測定を行った．業間休み，昼休み，平日1日の座位行動，低強度身体活動，中等度身体活動，高強度身体活動を評価した．介入校と統制校における用具提供3ヵ月後の身体活動の差を検討するため，性，BMI，用具提供前の身体活動を共変量とした共分散分析を行った．
結果：分析対象者は，介入群では業間休みが23名（男子13名），昼休みが25名（15名），1日全体では18名（男子10名），統制群は業間休みが41名（男子28名），昼休みが42名（29名），1日全体では37名（男子26名）であった．業間の休み時間において，介入群は統制群と比較し，有意に座位行動［F（1, 62）＝7.70；p＝0.01］及び高強度身体活動の割合［F（1, 62）＝6.31；p＝0.02］が低く，低強度身体活動の割合［F（1, 62）＝28.73；p＜0.01］が高かった．昼休みでは，介入群は座位行動の割合［F（1, 65）＝18.36；p＜0.01］が低く低強度身体活動の割合［F（1, 65）＝17.11；p＜0.01］が有意に高かった．また，1日全体では介入群の方が統制群よりも有意に中等度身体活動の実施割合［F（1, 53）＝5.06；p＝0.03］が高かった．
結論：休み時間に使用できる用具を提供することは，身体活動レベルの高さに影響を与えていた．本研究より，用具の提供は休み時間及び1日の身体活動促進に貢献することが示された． |