Citation

Sanefuji M, Craig M, Parlatini V, Mehta MA, Murphy DG, Catani M, Cerliani L, Thiebaut de Schotten M. Cortex 2016; 86: 290-302.

Affiliation

Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Inserm U1127, UPMC-Paris6, UMR_S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France; Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, FrontLab, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France. Electronic address: michel.thiebaut@gmail.com.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2016, Masson Editeur)

DOI

10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.005

PMID

27394716

Abstract

Two core symptoms characterize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes: inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. While previous brain imaging research investigated ADHD as if it was a homogenous condition, its two core symptoms may originate from different brain mechanisms. We, therefore, hypothesized that the functional connectivity of cortico-striatal and attentional networks would be different between ADHD subtypes. We studied 165 children (mean age 10.93 years; age range, 7-17 year old) diagnosed as having ADHD based on their revised Conner's rating scale score and 170 typical developing individuals (mean age 11.46 years; age range, 7-17 year old) using resting state functional fMRI. Groups were matched for age, IQ and head motion during the MRI acquisition. We fractionated the ADHD group into predominantly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes based on their revised Conner's rating scale score. We then analyzed differences in resting state functional connectivity of the cortico-striatal and attentional networks between these subtypes. We found a double dissociation of functional connectivity in the cortico-striatal and ventral attentional networks, reflecting the subtypes of the ADHD participants. Particularly, the hyperactive-impulsive subtype was associated with increased connectivity in cortico-striatal network, whereas the inattentive subtype was associated with increased connectivity in the right ventral attention network. Our study demonstrated for the first time a right lateralized, double dissociation between specific networks associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentiveness in ADHD children, providing a biological basis for exploring symptom dimensions and revealing potential targets for more personalized treatments.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Language: en