Citation

Austin RL, Woltman HL. Int. J. Veh. Des. 1988; 9(4-5): 481-488.

Affiliation

3M, St. Paul, MN, USA

Copyright

(Copyright © 1988, Inderscience Publishers)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Comparison of photometrics above the horizontal axis in the direction of commonly placed traffic signs for a variety of distances were used to determine the luminances for three types of material. The study permits comparisons between existing headlamp types and illustrates the significant deterioration in sign luminances which accompanies the use of European lower beams, or the alteration of US lower beam photometrics to more closely correspond to European lamps. The study permits some consideration of retroreflective material choice, depending on headlamp type, sign position, and sign luminance requirements.