Citation

Mackay GM, Smith CA. Proc. Am. Assoc. Automot. Med. Annu. Conf. 1983; 27: 129-140.

Affiliation

University of Birmingham, Accident Research Unit, Birmingham, England

Copyright

(Copyright © 1983, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Recent field studies show that current High Penetration Resistant (HPR) laminated windshields cause large numbers of minor facial injuries. This study reports on the circumstances under which these injuries are generated in terms of velocity change, the nature of the damage to the windshield and the likely mechanisms of injury. The injuries themselves are rated according to a Tissue Damage Scale (TDS) and some of the consequences of improvements in windshield design for the future are discussed.