Citation

Yashiro K, Kojima Y, Shimizu M. Q. Rep. Railw. Tech. Res. Inst. Jpn. 2007; 48(3): 136-141.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2007, Railway Technical Research Institute)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This paper provides a historical outline of the damage that mountain tunnels in Japan have sustained because of earthquakes. Presented as a series of brief case studies, four major earthquakes are described in terms of their location, magnitude, and resulting damage. Results of classifying the damage patterns shows three types: damage to shallow tunnels, damage to tunnels in poor geological condition, and damage to tunnels due to fault slide. A fourth type, involving structural defects in the tunnel lining, is also discussed. The paper concludes with a brief look at countermeasures that are being planned to prevent earthquake damage to tunnels in the future.