http://www.safetylit.org/Welcome to SafetyLit, the online source for recent research about injury prevention.Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342249_24With suicide being the third leading cause of death among young people, early identification of risk is critical, particularly for those involved with the juvenile courts. In this study of court-involved youth (N = 433) in two Midwest counties, logisti...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342096_24PURPOSE: Adolescence is associated with the onset of depressive symptoms as well as significant increases in health-risk behaviors. Potential explanations for the direction of effects in the association between depressive symptoms and health-risk behaviors...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342086_24The salutogenic theory considers sense of coherence (SOC) as a cross-cultural concept ( Antonovsky, 1987 ), meaning that in all cultures and at all stages of coping with a stressor, a person with a strong SOC is at an advantage in preventing tension from b...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342109_24OBJECTIVE:: We examined whether severity scores (1 SD vs 2 SDs) of a unique profile of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) consisting of the Anxiety/Depression, Aggression, and Attention (AAA) scales would help differentiate levels of deficits in children ...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342143_24Clinical reports and case studies suggest that traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have significant social consequences, with social dysfunction reported as the most debilitating problem for child and adolescent survivors. From a social neuroscience perspecti...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342111_24This article describes the relationship between adolescent subjective well-being and experiences of family violence reported by a sample of 14- to 17-year-old adolescents living in one Finnish municipality (N = 1,393).Survey results found that experiences ...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342092_24PURPOSE: This article presents findings from the largest experimental evaluation to date of school-based mandatory-random student drug testing (MRSDT). The study tested the effectiveness of MRSDT in reducing substance use among high school students. METHOD...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341842_24Novice drivers exhibit deficits in hazard perception that are likely to increase their risk of collisions. We developed a static hazard perception test that presents still images to observers and requires them to indicate the presence of a traffic conflict...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342156_24Young adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been shown to be at increased risk for impairment in driving behaviors. While stimulant medications have proven efficacy in reducing ADHD symptomatology, there is limited knowledge as t...Age: Adolescentshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342091_24PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to explore the trends in youth reports of unwanted online sexual solicitation, harassment, and exposure to pornography over time. METHODS: The study was based on three separate cross-sectional national telephone su...Age: Elder Adultshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341981_26Aim:  The contribution of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to injurious fall risk in patients with dementia has not been quantified precisely until now. Our objective was to determine whether a dose-response relationship exists for the use...Age: Elder Adultshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341980_26Male osteoporosis continues to be under-recognized and undertreated in men. An understanding of which factors cue clinicians about osteoporosis risk in men, and which do not, is needed to identify areas for improvement. This study sought to measure the ass...Age: Elder Adultshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342165_26BACKGROUND: The lifetime risk and expected cost of trauma care would be valuable for health policy planners, but this information is currently unavailable. The cumulative incidence rates methodology, based on a cross-sectional population analysis, offers a...Age: Elder Adultshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342154_26Successful aging involves adapting to changing needs. The 2009 U.S. Census noted that 43% of adult Americans are single and that the oldest-old population is the most rapidly growing aging segment. Geriatric, lonely, hopeless individuals are at high risk f...Age: Elder Adultshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342200_26BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that the predictive ability of self-rated health (SRH) for mortality varies by sex/gender and socioeconomic group. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this relationship in Japan and explore the potential reasons for d...Age: Infants and Childrenhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341867_23OBJECTIVES: To determine discrepancies between knowledge and practice of childhood motor vehicle restraints (CMVRs) and vehicle seating position amongst parents within the province of Nova Scotia. DESIGN: Random telephone survey. SETTING: The Canadian prov...Age: Infants and Childrenhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342212_23Two experiments examined infants' expectations about how an experimenter should distribute resources and rewards to other individuals. In Experiment 1, 19-month-olds expected an experimenter to divide two items equally, as opposed to unequally, between two...Age: Infants and Childrenhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342004_23[Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng...Age: Infants and Childrenhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342215_23Experimental animal models have demonstrated that one of the primary consequences of prenatal stress is increased fear and anxiety in the offspring. Few prospective human studies have evaluated the consequences of prenatal stress on anxiety during preadole...Age: Infants and Childrenhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341975_23BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have become a high-risk group of HIV infection in China. To date, little is known regarding the behavioral, social and psychological characteristics in Chinese MSM, which makes the implementation of preventive an...Age: Infants and Childrenhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342061_23There is a persistent relationship between socioeconomic status and health that appears to have its roots in childhood. Not only do children in families with lower income and with mothers with lower levels of education have worse health on average than tho...Age: Infants and Childrenhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342220_23The purpose of this study was to examine the role of sport as a social status determinant among racially diverse children. Participants were 1,233 fourth- to seventh-grade children. Results indicated there were gender, grade, and racial differences for the...Alcohol and Other Drugshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341919_1AimsTo measure the prevalence, pattern and associated financial cost of alcohol-related ambulance call outs in the North East of England using routinely collected data from the North East Ambulance Service (NEAS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study over a ...Alcohol and Other Drugshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342017_1Poor women are often compelled to accept jobs that jeopardise their health and their social reputations. Cantineras are recently immigrated Latinas employed in working-class Latino bars (cantinas) where they are hired as waitresses to earn sales commission...Alcohol and Other Drugshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342182_1It has been well known that alcohol consumption affects traumatic brain injury. The mechanism of detrimental effect of ethanol on traumatic brain injury has not been clarified. This review focused on the relationship among traumatic brain injury, ethanol a...Alcohol and Other Drugshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341819_1OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine different socio-demographic, health and safety-related factors, and psychoactive substance use among fatally injured drivers in road traffic accidents in Finland during 2006-2008. METHODS: An accident informa...Alcohol and Other Drugshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341859_1Multiple alcohol control policies have been enacted since the early 1980s to keep drunk drivers off the roads and to prevent more alcohol-related traffic fatalities. In this paper, we analyze nine traffic policies to determine the extent to which each poli...Alcohol and Other Drugshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341848_1INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The on-the-road driving test in normal traffic is applied to examine the impact of drugs on driving performance. Although participants are accompanied by a licensed driving instructor, under Dutch law, the driver is primarily r...Alcohol and Other Drugshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341973_1BACKGROUND: Observational research frequently uses administrative codes for mental health or substance use diagnoses and for important behaviours such as suicide attempts. We sought to validate codes (International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, ...Burns, Electricity, Explosions, Fire, Scaldshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341938_27Objective. We conducted a prospective study to identify the direct hospitalization cost of managing major acute burns in Lagos, Nigeria, and to determine the factors that influence the cost. Method. All consecutive and consenting patients seen and managed ...Burns, Electricity, Explosions, Fire, Scaldshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342259_27BACKGROUND: The World Health Assembly recently adopted a resolution to urge improved competency in the provision of injury care through medical education. This survey sought to investigate trauma education experience and competency among final year medical...Commentaryhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342077_2[Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng...Community-Based Preventionhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341816_3On-street parking is associated with elevated crash risk. It is not known how drivers' mental workload and behaviour in the presence of on-street parking contributes to, or fails to reduce, this increased crash risk. On-street parking tends to co-exist wit...Distraction, Fatigue, Chronobiology, Vigilance, Workloadhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341955_5Moving objects in the world present a challenge to the visual system, in that they often move in and out of view as they are occluded by other surfaces. Nevertheless, the ability to track multiple objects through periods of occlusion is surprisingly robust...Distraction, Fatigue, Chronobiology, Vigilance, Workloadhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341873_5As use of handheld multimedia devices has exploded globally, safety experts have begun to consider the impact of distraction while talking, text-messaging, or listening to music on traffic safety. This study was designed to test how talking on the phone, t...Distraction, Fatigue, Chronobiology, Vigilance, Workloadhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341972_5Young men figure prominently in sleep-related road crashes. Non-driving studies show them to be particularly vulnerable to sleep loss, compared with older men. We assessed the effect of a normal night's sleep vs. prior sleep restricted to 5h, in a counterb...Distraction, Fatigue, Chronobiology, Vigilance, Workloadhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341840_5The concept of using signs to display graphical traffic information is now becoming increasingly popular. The main objective of this study was to design and undertake laboratory research to examine whether the content of traffic information displayed on gr...Distraction, Fatigue, Chronobiology, Vigilance, Workloadhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341856_5One of the key contributory factors for accident involvement is misjudgment of approach speed (Department for Transport, 2010). Past research has indicated that individuals can use the rate of visual looming in order to the judge time to passage (TTP) of a...Distraction, Fatigue, Chronobiology, Vigilance, Workloadhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341826_5STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the impact of extended wakefulness (i.e., sleepiness) and prolonged driving (i.e., fatigue) at the wheel in simulated versus real-life driving conditions. DESIGN: Participants drove on an INRETS-MSIS SIM2 simulator in a research...Distraction, Fatigue, Chronobiology, Vigilance, Workloadhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341835_5One of the main contributing factors with intersection accidents is lack of information due to attention allocation. In many cases, drivers fail to yield right of way to other traffic participants. One reason is that drivers have inappropriate expectations...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342237_28After severe tissue injury, innate immunity mounts a robust systemic inflammatory response. However, little is known about the immediate impact of multiple trauma on early complement function in humans. In the present study we hypothesized that multiple tr...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341933_28[Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342050_28OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in evaluating the recognition impairment after traumatic brain injury (TB1). METHODS: WCST and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised in China (WAIS-RC) were adopted to assess the cog...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342244_28Study design:Review.Objectives:To review literature on subjective well-being (SWB; mental health and life satisfaction) and on psychological and social support factors associated with these outcomes in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to iden...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342084_28Background. To determine the extent to which work-related stress in Her Majesty's Coastguard (HMCG) could be accounted for by the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and Job Demand-Control- -Support (JDCS) stress models. Material and methods. Participants includ...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342019_28PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of recent epidemiologic and mechanistic studies of stress in relation to asthma incidence and morbidity. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings suggest that stress, whether ...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342168_28PURPOSE: Race and insurance status independently predict outcome disparities after trauma. Black patients, Hispanic patients, uninsured patients and patients who live farther from trauma centers have a worse outcome after trauma than others. To our knowled...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342253_28The Trauma Registry of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (TR-DGU) has documented diagnostics, treatment and outcome of severely injured patients since 1993. In 2009 it became the obligatory tool for quality assessment in the regional trauma networks (T...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342134_28BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury is one of the major problems and leading cause of death worldwide. The present study was aimed to identify factors responsible for mortality by comparing survivors and nonsurvivors in patients that had a low probability o...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342226_28We present here some interesting points of view concerning head and brain injury with frontal sinus involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In general neurosurgical practice the frontal sinus traumatic involvement is about 3-5 per cent from all head trauma; we ...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341853_28Accident investigation reports usually lead to a set of recommendations for change. These recommendations are, however, sometimes resisted for reasons such as various aspects of ethics and power. When accident investigators are aware of this, they use seve...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341947_28The measurement of effort is now considered to be an important component of neuropsychological assessment. In addition to stand-alone measures, built-in, or embedded measures of effort have been derived for a limited number of standard neurocognitive tests...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342044_28The impact of host factors, such as gender and co-morbidity, on mortality after trauma has been debated. Quantification of risk factors is dependent on methodological considerations including follow-up time, definitions and adjustment of potential confound...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341995_28BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is probably as old as human beings. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is the first treatise describing the treatment of patients with TBI and allows insights into the medical examination and treatment of head-injured patients...Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomeshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342021_28Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and well-recognized entity. Tension-type headache and migraine are the commonest phenotypes that can result from head trauma, while the onset of cluster headache (CH) in close temporal relation to a head trauma has...Engineering, Physics, Structural Soundness and Failurehttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341881_34Deceleration lanes are important because they help drivers transition from high-speed lanes to low-speed ramps. Although they are designed to allow vehicles to depart the freeway safely and efficiently, many studies report high accident rates on exit ramps...Engineering, Physics, Structural Soundness and Failurehttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342599_34...Engineering, Physics, Structural Soundness and Failurehttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341898_34This study set out to examine the effects of studded tires on fatal crashes on roads covered with ice or snow in Sweden and also to investigate the extra benefits of electronic stability control (ESC) during the winter months. Two different studies are pre...Environmental Issues, Climate, Geophysicshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341976_29BACKGROUND: Splenic injuries constitute a continuing diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the trauma or general surgeons practicing in developing countries where sophisticated imaging facilities are either not available or exorbitantly expensive. The pu...Ergonomics, Human Factors, Anthropometrics, Physiologyhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342018_6The present study aims to investigate the effects of protein kinase C using the inhibitor Tamoxifen (TMX) on oxidative stress in a rat animal model of mania induced by d-amphetamine (d-AMPH). In the reversal model, d-AMPH or saline (Sal) were administered ...Ergonomics, Human Factors, Anthropometrics, Physiologyhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342116_6Rural-dwelling adults face different health concerns and risks than do adults living in urban areas, with reduced assess to care. Studies examining the associations between anxiety and/or depression and blood pressure have yielded mixed results. This study...Ergonomics, Human Factors, Anthropometrics, Physiologyhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342020_6PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss current literature and hypotheses pertaining to the pathophysiology of increased bone fragility and fracture in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite high bone mineral density, studies have show...Fallshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342196_30[Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng...Jurisprudence, Laws, Legislation, Policies, Ruleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342190_37PURPOSE: To systematically review algorithms to identify seizure, convulsion, or epilepsy cases in administrative and claims data, with a focus on studies that have examined the validity of the algorithms. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using P...Jurisprudence, Laws, Legislation, Policies, Ruleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342227_37Objective. Sexual assault evidence collection kits (SAECKs) are used to collect evidence for DNA recovery after rape. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of completion of the kits by health care workers in 6 provinces of South Africa. Methods. A...Jurisprudence, Laws, Legislation, Policies, Ruleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342113_37Illegal trade in snake parts has increased enormously. In spite of strict protection under wildlife act, a large number of snakes are being killed ruthlessly in India for venom and skin. Here, an interesting case involving confiscation of crystallized drie...Jurisprudence, Laws, Legislation, Policies, Ruleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341854_37A Stated Preference survey of speed choice on Norwegian rural roads with 80km/h speed limit was made by the roadside in order to determine which factors most strongly influence this choice. The aim was to study deliberate speeding to identify any correlati...Jurisprudence, Laws, Legislation, Policies, Ruleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342150_37For collective action to evolve and be maintained by selection, the mind must be equipped with mechanisms designed to identify free riders-individuals who do not contribute to a collective project but still benefit from it. Once identified, free riders mus...Jurisprudence, Laws, Legislation, Policies, Ruleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342195_37The anthropological record indicates that approximately 85 per cent of human societies have permitted men to have more than one wife (polygynous marriage), and both empirical and evolutionary considerations suggest that large absolute differences in wealth...Jurisprudence, Laws, Legislation, Policies, Ruleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342079_37The increasing popularity of functional neuroimaging technologies in multiple disciplines has gained attention from within and outside the field of neuroscience. As the scope of research employing functional neuroimaging technologies broadens, there appear...Occupational Issueshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341829_8Using data from the Motor Carrier Management Information System, we model crashes as a function of firm characteristics, with a focus on the employment relationship. We find that very small firms (one driver, one truck) and firms that contract with owner o...Occupational Issueshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341824_8Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) arises from workplace policies, practices, and procedures for the protection of worker psychological health and safety that are largely driven by management. Many work stress theories are based on the fundamental interacti...Occupational Issueshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341817_8The occupational health and safety standard OHSAS 18001 has gained considerable acceptance worldwide, and firms from diverse sectors and of varying sizes have implemented it. Despite this, very few studies have analysed safety management or the safety clim...Occupational Issueshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341875_8"Management by walking around" (MBWA) is a practice that has aroused much interest in management science and practice. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate adaptation of this practice to safety management. We describe a three-year long case study t...Pedestrians and Bicycleshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341880_9Road traffic injuries (RTI) are a public health threat and a major source of disability in developing countries. A population-based analysis of RTIs in a testimonially high-risk area of Dar es Salaam, the largest city in the East African country of Tanzani...Poisoninghttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341945_10[Abstract unavailable] Language: Fre...Program and Other Evaluations, Effectiveness Studieshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342047_33Programmatic social interventions attempt to produce appropriate social-norm-guided behavior in an open environment. A marriage of applicable psychological theory, appropriate program evaluation theory, and outcome of evaluations of specific social interve...Program and Other Evaluations, Effectiveness Studieshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342241_33PURPOSE: A growing body of research has demonstrated the potential for comprehensive, phase-specific care to improve clinical and functional outcomes in early psychosis. However, there have been no evaluations of such treatment models in the United States ...Program and Other Evaluations, Effectiveness Studieshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342062_33Social ecological models that describe the interactive characteristics of individuals and environments that underlie health outcomes have long been recommended to guide public health practice. The extent to which such recommendations have been applied in h...Program and Other Evaluations, Effectiveness Studieshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341845_33Drivers' tend to overestimate their competences, which may result in risk taking behavior. Providing drivers with feedback has been suggested as one of the solutions to overcome drivers' inaccurate self-evaluations. In practice, many tests and driving simu...Program and Other Evaluations, Effectiveness Studieshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341821_33Five studies examined the effects of positive emotion priming on the willingness to drive recklessly. In all five, young drivers were exposed to one of the following primes of positive affect: a positive mood story; happy memories; an exciting film; a rela...Research Methods, Surveillance and Codes, Modelshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342191_12PURPOSE: As part of the Mini-Sentinel pilot program, under contract with the Food and Drug Administration, an effort has been made to evaluate the validity of algorithms useful for identifying health outcomes of interest, including suicide and suicide atte...Research Methods, Surveillance and Codes, Modelshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342082_12Inhalation of CO(2)-enriched air has been used as a laboratory model for a number of anxiety disorders, such as general anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Because studies describing psychophysiological responses to this challenge are scarce, the present ...Research Methods, Surveillance and Codes, Modelshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342160_12Two online surveys were completed by editors, associate editors, editorial board members, and members or fellows of the Division 16 of the American Psychological Association. These surveys targeted (a) the criteria for a manuscript to be published in schoo...Research Methods, Surveillance and Codes, Modelshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341877_12The limited ability of existing safety models to properly reflect crash causality has its source in cross-sectional analysis applied to the estimation of the intrinsically complex safety factors with highly aggregated and frequently poor quality of data. T...Risk Perception and Communication, Warnings, Operating Instructionshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341858_14The associations between driving styles and the Big-Five personality factors and perceived costs and benefits of driving were examined in order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of driving styles. Questionnaires tapping driving style, personalit...Risk Perception and Communication, Warnings, Operating Instructionshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341901_14Self-regulation in driving has primarily been studied as a precursor to driving cessation in older people, who minimise driving risk and compensate for physical and cognitive decline by avoiding driving in challenging circumstances, e.g. poor weather condi...Risk Perception and Communication, Warnings, Operating Instructionshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341864_14BACKGROUND: Retrospective feedback that provides detailed information on a driver's performance in critical driving situations at the end of a trip enhances his/her driving behaviors and safe driving habits. Although this has been demonstrated by a previou...Risk Perception and Communication, Warnings, Operating Instructionshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341946_14Disgust is characterized by a remarkably diverse set of stimulus triggers, ranging from extremely concrete (bad tastes and disease vectors) to extremely abstract (moral transgressions and those who commit them). This diversity may reflect an expansion of t...Social Etiologies and Disparitieshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_341988_21This article reviews the development of international research on the relationship between discrimination and health. It provides an overview of theoretical and empirical work on stigma and prejudice and their impact on discrimination and health. It argues...Suicide and Self-Harmhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342137_18Background In this paper, reasons reported by people who self-injure to explain this behaviour are presented. Aims Traditional service responses are examined and it is suggested that these may exacerbate the reasons why people self-injure and are likely to...Suicide and Self-Harmhttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342112_18  There were more than 30,000 suicides in 1998 in Japan, and since then, the numbers have remained high. In 2009, the number of suicides per a day was c. 90. This phenomenon constitutes a major social problem. One of the major reasons for the rapid inc...Violence and Weapons Issueshttp://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_342204_20Psychometric properties of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2) in a Spanish sample of partner-violent men. Intimate partner violence is a complex problem that requires the update of the available assessment tools. The aim of the study is to test the revise...