Citation

Liu SK, Chang JC, Tsai HJ, Wu CS. J. Affect. Disord. 2019; 260: 1-10.

Affiliation

Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. Electronic address: chishinwu@ntu.edu.tw.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.084

PMID

31493631

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the impact of age-at-onset on clinical outcomes in bipolar-spectrum disorders, including the development of alcohol or substance use disorder, suicidality, and psychiatric hospitalization.

METHODS: This population-based study enrolled newly-diagnosed bipolar-spectrum patients, including 4,367 patients with early-onset bipolar disorder (EOBD), 64,787 patients with adult-onset bipolar disorder (AOBD), and the same number of age-controlled comparison subjects without bipolar disorder, from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Time-dependent covariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the effect of age-at-onset on clinical outcomes with adjustment for pre-existing psychiatric comorbid conditions and pharmacological treatment patterns. Sensitivity analyses using different definitions of study sample and age cutoffs were conducted.

RESULTS: The average follow-up duration was 5.7 years. After adjustment with time-dependent covariates and chronological age, there were no significant differences in the risks for developing new-onset alcohol or substance use disorders and psychiatric hospitalization between EOBD and AOBD patients. Although EOBD patients had a higher risk of hospitalization for suicide and self-harm than did AOBD patients in primary analysis, this finding did not replicated in the sensitivity analyses. LIMITATIONS: The symptom profile and severity of bipolar disorder was not available in the NHIRD; therefore, surrogate indicators of clinical outcome might not be sensitive enough to detect the subtle differences.

CONCLUSIONS: EOBD and AOBD patients had similar risks for developing alcohol or substance use disorders. Their risk of psychiatric hospitalization was similar. Whether EOBD patients might have a higher risk of hospitalization for suicide and self-harm warrants further investigations.

Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Clinical outcomes; Early-onset bipolar disorders; Hospitalization; Self-harm; Substance use disorder