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Journal Article

Citation

Steel J, Youssef M, Pfeifer R, Ramirez JM, Probst C, Sellei R, Zelle BA, Sittaro NA, Khalifa F, Pape HC. J. Trauma 2010; 69(3): 523-531.

Affiliation

Departments of Surgery (J.S., M.Y., J.M.R., F.K.), Psychiatry (J.S.), and Orthopedics (B.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma (R.P., H.C.P.), University of Aachen (R.S.); Department of Orthopedics and Trauma (C.P.), University of Hannover; and Hannover Re Insurance (N.-A.S.), Germany.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2010, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)

DOI

10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e90c24

PMID

20838121

Abstract

BACKGROUND:: The aim of this study was to examine the long-term physical and psychological consequences of multiple blunt forced trauma at ≥10-year follow-up for patients with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS:: A total of 620 patients with multiple injuries were assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form-12 and a physical reexamination at ≥10-year follow-up. Injury-related characteristics were collected from patients' medical record. Chi-square analysis, Analysis of Variance, and linear and logistic regression were performed to test differences between groups and examine predictors of physical and psychological functioning at ≥10-year follow-up. RESULTS:: Patients with multiple injuries who sustained a TBI (n = 398) were more likely to be female (p = 0.001), younger in age at the time of injury (p = 0.02), have higher Injury Severity Scores (p = 0.001), shorter ward stays (p = 0.001), and a greater number of upper extremity injuries (p = 0.02) when compared with those without TBI (n = 222). Patients with TBI reported poorer psychological functioning (p = 0.02) and more frequently reported chronic pain (p = 0.01). Patients with TBI used medical aids (p = 0.002) less frequently at follow-up when compared with patients without TBI. Significant predictors of health-related quality of life at ≥10-year follow-up included age at the time of injury (physical; p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.05), number of ventilation days (p = 0.02), satisfaction with rehabilitation (p = 0.001), disability caused by the injury (p = 0.001), and use of medical aids (physical p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:: Prospective studies are needed with a broader range of measures that may be sensitive to the consequences of TBI. Evidence-based interventions to facilitate physical and psychological rehabilitation, designed to target at risk patients, are warranted.


Language: en

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