Citation

Hammond VL, Watson PJ, O'Leary BJ, Cothran DL. Am. Indian Alsk. Native Ment. Health Res. 2009; 16(3): 42-51.

Affiliation

Psychology Department, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA. paul-watson@utc.edu

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, National Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

20052632

Abstract

Hopelessness is central to prominent mental health problems within American Indian (AI) communities. Apaches living on a reservation in Arizona responded to diverse expressions of hope along with Hopelessness, Personal Self-Esteem, and Collective Self-Esteem scales. An Apache Hopefulness Scale expressed five themes of hope and correlated negatively with Hopelessness and positively with both Collective and Personal Self-Esteem. These data confirmed the potential of conducting more extensive analyses of hope within AI tribal life.

Language: en