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Journal Article

Citation

Sommer J, Hinsberger M, Holtzhausen L, Kaminer D, Seedat S, Elbert T, Augsburger M, Maercker A, Weierstall R. Eur. J. Psychotraumatol. 2017; 8(1): 1369831.

Affiliation

Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, The Author(s), Publisher Co-action Publishing)

DOI

10.1080/20008198.2017.1369831

PMID

28959384

PMCID

PMC5613914

Abstract

Background: In violent communities, social rejection as a person with victim-offender attributes is associated with more intense symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a higher propensity towards violence, i.e. appetitive aggression. Successful community reintegration encompassing adequate social acknowledgment of individuals with both a history of violence exposure and perpetration may be necessary to enhance the treatment effects of interventions addressing PTSD and aggression. Objective: In this study, the effects of treatment and post-treatment traumatic events, violent offenses, and social acknowledgment (with sub-dimensions of general disapproval, family disapproval, and recognition as a person with both a history of violence exposure and commission) on changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression from baseline to 8-month follow-up were investigated. Method: Data were collected from 54 males recruited through a Cape Town offender reintegration programme for an intervention study targeting trauma and aggression (n = 28 treatment; n = 26 wait-list). Changes in PTSD symptom severity after treatment were assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview, changes in appetitive aggression with the Appetitive Aggression Scale (AAS), post-treatment traumatic events with an adapted version of the Child's Exposure to Violence Checklist, offenses with an adapted checklist from the AAS, and social acknowledgment with an adapted form of the Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire. Results: Path analyses revealed negative relationships between ongoing societal disapproval and changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression at 8-months, controlling for age. All other variables were non-significant, except for treatment, which was associated with PTSD symptom reduction. Conclusions: As a complementary strategy to effective psychotherapeutic treatment, increased social acknowledgment may contribute significantly to the alleviation of PTSD symptoms and appetitive aggression. Psychological interventions should, therefore, not neglect the impact of societal factors on treatment effects.


Language: en

Vernacular Abstract

背景:在有暴力风险的社区里,对受害者-施害者的社会拒绝与更强烈的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状和更明显的暴力倾向(例如欲求性攻击)相关联。成功的社区再融合包括对遭受暴力者和施暴者给予足够的社会承认,这对提高干预PTSD 和攻击的治疗效果是必要的。 目标:本研究中,考察治疗效果和治疗后的创伤事件、暴力侵犯和社会承认(分维度为:总体否认、家庭否认、个人遭受和施加暴力的历史),对从基线期到8个月的追踪过程中PTSD症状严重程度和欲求性攻击的影响。 方法:数据采集于开普敦侵犯者再融合项目中一个关于创伤和攻击的干预研究中的54名男性(治疗组n=28,等候名单组n=26)。治疗后的PTSD症状改变用PTSD症状量表-访谈(PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview)测查,欲求性攻击的改变使用欲求性量表(AAS)测量,使用修订版儿童暴力暴露清单来测查治疗后的创伤事件,使用修订版AAS测量侵犯(offenses),使用修订版社会承认问卷(Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire)测量社会承认。 结果:路径分析揭示控制了年龄之后,进行中的社会否认和8个月时PTSD症状严重程度改变与欲求性攻击呈现负相关。所有其它的变量都不显著,除了治疗和PTSD症状减轻相关。 结论:作为有效的心理治疗的补充,增加社会承认度可能可以显著促进PTSD 症状和欲求性攻击的减轻。因此,心理干预不应该忽视社会因素在治疗效果上的影响。.


Language: en

Keywords

Violence; appetitive aggression; posttraumatic stress disorder; social acknowledgment; treatment efficacy

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