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Journal Article

Citation

Chou CY, La Marca R, Steptoe A, Brewin CR. Eur. J. Psychotraumatol. 2018; 9(1): e1472988.

Affiliation

Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, The Author(s), Publisher Co-action Publishing)

DOI

10.1080/20008198.2018.1472988

PMID

29887977

PMCID

PMC5990938

Abstract

Voluntary recall of trauma is a key element in exposure-based psychotherapies and can trigger spontaneous dissociative responses such as flashbacks, depersonalisation, and derealisation. In order to examine the associations between cardiovascular and psychological responses to voluntary recollection of trauma, individuals with PTSD recalled a traumatic memory. Heart rate and heart rate variability were recorded continuously and the episodes when different forms of dissociation were experienced during the recall were identified. A significant increase in parasympathetic activity was found during trauma recall, with greater parasympathetic dominance being indicative of greater state depersonalisation/derealisation. Whereas overall decreases in heart rate during trauma recall were associated with increased fear and perceived threat, flashbacks were accompanied by short-term increases in heart rate. These findings demonstrate different types of cardiovascular responses associated with different psychological experiences during trauma recall. Future research directions were discussed.


Language: en




El recuerdo voluntario del trauma es un elemento clave en las psicoterapias basadas en la exposición y puede gatillar respuestas disociativas espontáneas como flashbacks, despersonalización y desrealización. Con el fin de examinar las asociaciones entre las respuestas cardiovascular y psicológica al recuerdo voluntario del trauma, individuos con TEPT evocaron una memoria traumática. Se midió en forma continua su frecuencia cardiaca y la variabilidad de la misma y se identificó los episodios en que experimentaron diferentes formas de disociación durante la evocación. Se encontró un incremento significativo en la actividad parasimpática durante el recuerdo del trauma, siendo una mayor dominancia parasimpática indicadora de un mayor estado de despersonalización/desrealización. Mientras que una disminución general en la frecuencia cardiaca durante el recuerdo del trauma se asoció a un incremento del miedo y percepción de amenaza, los flashbacks estaban acompañados de incrementos breves de la frecuencia cardiaca. Estos hallazgos demuestran que diferentes tipos de respuesta cardiovascular se asocian a diferentes experiencias psicológicas durante el recuerdo del trauma. Se discutieron futuras direcciones para la investigación.





自主回忆创伤是以暴露为基础的心理治疗中的一个关键因素,并且可能引起自发的分离反应(如闪回、人格解体和现实解体)。为了检查自发性创伤回忆過程中的心血管和心理反應之間的关系,本研究請PTSD患者回忆一段创伤记忆,在回憶過程中持续记录心率和心率变异性,并发生的不同形式的解离。本研究發現创伤回忆期间副交感神经活性显着增加,副交感神经活性越強勢人格解体/现实解体状态越严重。创伤回忆期间的整體心率下降与恐惧感和威胁感呈現正相关,而閃回則與心率上升呈顯著相關。这些研究结果呈現了与创伤回忆期间不同的心理体验相关的不同心血管反應。文中讨论了未来的研究方向。且辨別和記錄此過程中此外,.

Keywords

Heart rate variability; PTSD; depersonalisation/derealisation; flashbacks; heart rate; memory recall; • Heart rate elevation indicates fear and flashbacks.; • Initial heart rate increase during the recall of trauma, that declines over time.; • Parasympathetic activation indicates state depersonalization/derealization.

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