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Journal Article

Citation

Kranioti EF, Grigorescu D, Harvati K. PLoS One 2019; 14(7): e0216718.

Affiliation

DFG Centre of Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistinc, Cultural and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past', Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Public Library of Science)

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0216718

PMID

31269019

Abstract

The Cioclovina (Romania) calvaria, dated to ca. 33 cal ka BP and thought to be associated with the Aurignacian lithic industry, is one of the few relatively well preserved representatives of the earliest modern Europeans. Two large fractures on this specimen have been described as taphonomic modifications. Here we used gross and virtual forensic criteria and experimental simulations on synthetic bone models, to investigate their nature. Both forensic trauma pattern analysis and experimental models exclude a postmortem origin for the Cioclovina fractures. Rather, they indicate two incidents of blunt force trauma, the second clearly inflicted with a club-like object. The magnitude and extent of the lesions and the lack of signs of healing indicate a fatal injury. The Upper Paleolithic period is noted for intensified technological innovation, increased symbolic behavior, and cultural complexity. We show that the behavioural repertoire of the earliest modern Europeans also comprised violent inter-personal interactions and murder.


Language: en

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