Citation

Sinyor M, Williams M, Tran US, Schaffer A, Kurdyak P, Pirkis J, Niederkrotenthaler T. Can. J. Psychiatry 2019; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Canadian Psychiatric Association, Publisher SAGE Publications)

DOI

10.1177/0706743719870507

PMID

31434503

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: "13 Reasons Why," a Netflix series, included a controversial depiction of suicide that has raised fears about possible contagion. Studies of youth suicide in the United States found an increase on the order of 10% following release of the show, but this has not been replicated in other countries. This study aims to begin to address that gap by examining the relationship between the show's release and youth suicide in Canada's most populous province.

METHODS: Suicides in young people (under the age of 30) in the province of Ontario following the show's release on March 31, 2017, were the outcome of interest. Time-series analyses were performed using data from January 2013 to March 2017 to predict expected deaths from April to December 2017 with a simple seasonal model (stationary R² = 0.732, Ljung-Box Q = 15.1, df = 16, P = 0.52, Bayesian information criterion = 3.09) providing the best fit/used for the primary analysis.

RESULTS: Modeling predicted 224 suicides; however, 264 were observed corresponding to 40 more deaths or an 18% increase. In the primary analysis, monthly suicides exceeded the 95% confidence limit for 3 of the 9 months (May, July, and October).

CONCLUSION: The statistical strength of the findings here is limited by small numbers; however, the results are in line with what has been observed in the United States and what would be expected if contagion were occurring. Further research in other locations is needed to increase confidence that the associations found here are causal.

Language: en

Keywords

13 Reasons Why; Werther effect; contagion; suicide; youth