@article{ref1,
title="The verbal threat information pathway to fear in children: the longitudinal effects on fear cognitions and the immediate effects on avoidance behavior",
journal="Journal of abnormal psychology",
year="2008",
author="Field, Andy P. and Lawson, Joanne and Banerjee, Robin",
volume="117",
number="1",
pages="214-224",
abstract="Verbal information has long been assumed to be an indirect pathway to fear. Children (aged 6-8 or 12-13 years) were exposed to threat, positive, or no information about 3 novel animals to see the long-term impact on their fear cognitions and the immediate impact on avoidance behavior. Their directly (self-report) and indirectly (implicit association task) measured attitudes toward the animals changed congruent with the information provided, and the changes persisted up to 6 months later. Verbal threat information also induced behavioral avoidance of the animal. Younger children formed stronger animal- threat and animal-safe associations because of threat and positive verbal information than older children, but there were negligible age effects on self-reported fear beliefs and avoidance behaviors. These results support theories of fear acquisition that suppose that verbal information affects components of the fear emotion.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-843X",
doi="10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.214",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.214"
}