@article{ref1,
title="Suppression of sleepiness in drivers: combination of caffeine with a short nap",
journal="Psychophysiology",
year="1997",
author="Reyner, L. A. and Horne, James A.",
volume="34",
number="6",
pages="721-725",
abstract="Previous research has shown that caffeine and a < 15-min nap effectively and separately reduce sleepiness in drivers for 1 hr. In the present study, we examined in 12 sleepy individuals the treatments combined, taken during a 30-min break, prior to a longer (2 hr) continuous monotonous afternoon drive in a car simulator. Nonnap comparisons were 200 mg caffeine only and placebo. For placebo, driving incidents, subjective and electroencephalographic measures of sleepiness all reflected a mid-afternoon peak. This peak was significantly reduced by caffeine and eliminated by the combined treatment, which reduced incidents to 9% of placebo levels versus 34% of placebo levels for caffeine alone. Naps comprising &quot;nonsleep dozing&quot; were still effective.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0048-5772",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}