@article{ref1,
title="Depressive symptoms, drinking consequences, and motivation to change in first time DWI offenders",
journal="American journal of drug and alcohol abuse encompassing all addictive disorders",
year="2009",
author="Holt, Laura J. and O'Malley, Stephanie S. and Rounsaville, Bruce James and Ball, Shelley-Anne",
volume="35",
number="3",
pages="117-122",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Psychological disorders are common among driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) offenders; thus, a DWI arrest may serve as an important opportunity for further screening and subsequent treatment. OBJECTIVES: The current study examined the extent to which mild to moderate pretreatment depressive symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), could predict intervention outcomes in 284 first-time DWI offenders. METHODS: Participants were given drinking-related and psychosocial assessments at the beginning and end of a 10-week intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: After the intervention and at both follow-ups, all participants reported declines in depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, and negative drinking consequences and higher self-efficacy to avoid high-risk drinking. It was notable, however, that offenders with depressive symptoms reported more drinking-related consequences and lower self-efficacy at all time points, but greater motivation to change their drinking behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that offenders with depressive symptoms have more severe symptomatology than nondepressed offenders but may be more amenable to changing their drinking. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The BDI may be a useful screening tool for determining which offenders are in need of an intervention following a DWI arrest.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0095-2990",
doi="10.1080/00952990802585398",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00952990802585398"
}