@article{ref1,
title="Hate Crime as a Crime Category Worthy of Policy Attention",
journal="American behavioral scientist",
year="2002",
author="Cogan, Jeanine C.",
volume="46",
number="1",
pages="173-185",
abstract="After more than a decade of legislative activity on hate crimes, a growing number of people are challenging the validity of hate crimes as a separate crime category with separate punishments. The question that begs to be answered is whether hate crimes are deserving of a separate and unique policy response. The author argues that they are by addressing a number of key factors including: the long-standing existence of crime hierarchies; the historical role of the federal government to protect individuals from harm; the increased impact of hate crimes on the victim; how hate crimes serve to intimidate entire communities, are widespread and underreported, and not impossible to determine motive. The author also provides a historical perspective on hate crimes as a crime category and a summary of federal and state hate crime legislation. She lists legitimate concerns of hate crime policy and urges a focus on prevention.<p />",
language="",
issn="0002-7642",
doi="10.1177/0002764202046001011",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764202046001011"
}