@article{ref1,
title="Media Exposure to September 11: Elementary School Students' Experiences and Posttraumatic Symptoms",
journal="American behavioral scientist",
year="2003",
author="Saylor, Conway F. and Cowart, Brian L. and Lipovsky, Julie A. and Jackson, Christine and Finch, A. J.",
volume="46",
number="12",
pages="1622-1642",
abstract="This study examined symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children indirectly exposed to September 11 via television, the Internet, and printed media. Approximately 1 month after the attacks, 179 students in Grades K-5 at four Southeastern elementary schools and their parents were surveyed about their experiences and reactions. The Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale (PEDS), the Parent Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (PROPS), and the Children's Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) were used to assess for PTSD symptoms. More PTSD symptoms were reported in children who saw reports on the Internet (vs. television/printed media), saw images of death or injury, or feared that a loved one might have died in the attacks. There was no measurable benefit to seeing heroic or &quot;positive&quot; images. Older children and boys had greater media exposure and more trauma-specific PTSD symptoms. Implications for those striving to deliver appropriate amounts and types of information to children and families following disasters are discussed.<p />",
language="",
issn="0002-7642",
doi="10.1177/0002764203254619",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764203254619"
}