@article{ref1,
title="The epidemiology of skiing injuries in Antarctica",
journal="Injury",
year="1999",
author="Cattermole, T. J.",
volume="30",
number="7",
pages="491-495",
abstract="A retrospective analysis of all skiing injuries experienced by members of the British Antarctic Survey between 1989 and 1995 was undertaken to test the hypothesis that skiing was responsible for a disproportionate number and severity of injuries compared with other activities. Fifty-nine new consultations for skiing injuries were recorded. This represented 3.2% of all consultations (annual range 1.3-6.7%), or 9.7% of all consultations due to trauma. The mean incidence was 84.3/1000 population/year. The annual proportion and rate of consultation fluctuated but no overall trends were noted. The lower limb was the commonest site of injury (76.3%), with the ratio of lower limb: upper limb injuries being 6.4:1. The commonest single injury was an isolated medial collateral ligament knee sprain (23.7% of all consultations). Head injuries comprised 8.5% and ulnar collateral ligament thumb sprains 5.1%. Assessment of injury by the Injury Severity Score (ISS) showed that skiing injuries were significantly more likely to be non-trivial (ISS > 2) than work-related injuries [chi 2(1, N = 56) = 55.6, p < 0.001] or injuries of all causes [chi 2(1, N = 56) = 65.0, p < 0.001]. They were significantly more likely to need radiological investigation than all injuries [chi 2(1, N = 59) = 22.0, p < 0.001]. The most severe (ISS 13), survivable injury seen during the study period resulted from a skiing accident. This excess of non-trivial injury raises important management issues, particularly as the majority (81%) were recreational.",
language="",
issn="0020-1383",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}