@article{ref1,
title="Significance of cigarette smoking among youths with bipolar disorder",
journal="American journal on addictions",
year="2008",
author="Goldstein, Benjamin I. and Birmaher, B. and Axelson, David A. and Goldstein, Tina R. and Esposito-Smythers, Christianne and Strober, Michael A. and Hunt, J. and Leonard, H. and Gill, Mary Kay and Iyengar, Satish and Grimm, Colleen and Yang, Min and Ryan, Neal D. and Keller, M. B.",
volume="17",
number="5",
pages="364-371",
abstract="Cigarette smoking among adults with bipolar disorder (BP) correlates with psychosis, substance use disorders (SUD), and suicidality. Little is known regarding smoking among youths with BP. Youths with BP (n = 441) were divided into three smoking groups: Never, Ever, and Daily. Twenty-five percent reported any smoking (11% daily, 14% ever). Ever and Daily subjects had significantly greater lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts, physical abuse, conduct disorder, and SUD compared to Never subjects. Daily heavy smokers had greater prevalence of SUD and suicide attempts, and worse depression versus daily light smokers. Smoking among youths with BP is independently associated with suicide attempts and SUD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1055-0496",
doi="10.1080/10550490802266151",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490802266151"
}