@article{ref1,
title="Cycling with a visual handicap",
journal="Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft",
year="2004",
author="Wilhelm, Helmuth and Endres, B.",
volume="101",
number="8",
pages="819-823",
abstract="PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To examine bicycling habits of visually handicapped people in order to learn about the visual requirements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Survey of patients (age range: 14-60 years) suffering from macular or tapetoretinal degeneration with no additional relevant handicap using a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 232 questionnaires were returned (62% of the questionnaires received by the participants). The results showed that if visual acuity dropped below 0.1, only 15% of the patients were able to ride a bicycle without accidents or near-accidents. This percentage increased for higher acuities between 33% (<0.2 /> or = 0.1) and 67% (&gt; or= 0.2 &lt; or = 0.4). For visual field diameters <60 degrees and />or = 20 degrees approximately 18% were able to ride a bicycle safely and only 8% if the visual field diameter was below 20 degrees. For visual fields larger than 60 degrees diameter approximately 40% were able to ride a bicycle without problems. With a central scotoma of more than 10 degrees diameter only 21% of the patients could cycle safely, whereas with a central scotoma of 10 degrees and less this percentage increased to 47%. CONCLUSIONS: A visual acuity of less than 0.1 is not sufficient to ride a bicycle, and a visual acuity of less than 0.2 leads to a higher accident rate. A visual field diameter of less than 60 degrees or a central scotoma of more than 10 degrees diameter for the vast majority of patients does not allow safe cycling.",
language="",
issn="0941-293X",
doi="10.1007/s00347-003-0974-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00347-003-0974-0"
}