@article{ref1,
title="In-vehicle CO ingression: validation through field measurements and mass balance simulations",
journal="Science of the total environment",
year="2008",
author="Esber, Layale Abi and El-Fadel, Mutasem",
volume="394",
number="1",
pages="75-89",
abstract="In this study a mass balance modeling approach with measured out-vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) levels and trip-specific movement record as boundary conditions were used to simulate in-vehicle CO concentration profiles. The simulation results were coupled with field measurements to demonstrate the occurrence of CO ingression into the vehicle compartment from the engine combustion and/or exhaust return of the test vehicle. Agreement between field and simulation results was obtained for variable amounts of infiltrated CO equivalent to an in-vehicle emission rate of 250 to 1250 mg/h of CO depending on the vehicle ventilation settings.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0048-9697",
doi="10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.034",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.034"
}