@article{ref1,
title="The ever-expanding scope of industrial crises: a systemic study of the Hinsdale telecommunications outage",
journal="Industrial crisis quarterly",
year="1990",
author="Pauchant, T. C. and Mitroff, I. I. and Weldon, D. N. and Ventolo, G. F.",
volume="4",
number="4",
pages="243-261",
abstract="From in-depth studies of industrial crises, six factors emerge which are common to the general context of man-made, organizationally induced crises. An analysis of a particular crisis, the Hinsdale communications outage that affected more than 500,000 customers and businesses in the Chicago area, demonstrates the importance of these six factors. The paper argues that current efforts in crisis management are primarily re active and focus on treating symptoms. A proactive strategy for crisis management is proposed. This strategy not only follows directly from the six-factor model proposed in the paper but is formulated explicitly to reduce the general context that pervades all crises.<p />",
language="",
issn="0921-8106",
doi="10.1177/108602669000400401",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108602669000400401"
}