@article{ref1,
title="Examining subtypes of behavior problems among 3-year-old children, Part I: investigating validity of subtypes and biological risk-factors",
journal="Journal of abnormal child psychology",
year="2007",
author="Harvey, Elizabeth A. and Friedman-Weieneth, Julie L. and Goldstein, Lauren H. and Sherman, Alison H.",
volume="35",
number="1",
pages="97-110",
abstract="This study examined 3-year-old children who were classified as hyperactive (HYP), oppositional-defiant (OD), hyperactive and oppositional defiant (HYP/OD), and non-problem based on mothers' reports of behavior. Using fathers,' teachers,' and observers' ratings of children's behavior, concurrent validity was excellent for the HYP/OD group, moderate for the HYP group, and poor for the OD group. As predicted, both the HYP/OD and HYP groups reported more prenatal/perinatal birth complications and a greater family history of hyperactivity than did non-problem children. Furthermore, the HYP/OD group showed a greater family history of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms than did non-problem children; however, the HYP group also showed a greater family history of ODD than did non-problem children. Results suggest that as early as age 3, these behavior subtypes appear to be linked to biologically-based risk-factors in ways that are consistent with theories of the development of ADHD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0627",
doi="10.1007/s10802-006-9087-y",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9087-y"
}