@article{ref1,
title="Instability in self-esteem and paranoia in a general population sample",
journal="Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology",
year="2007",
author="Thewissen, Viviane and Myin-Germeys, Inez and Bentall, Richard P. and de Graaf, Ron and Vollebergh, Wilma and van Os, Jim",
volume="42",
number="1",
pages="1-5",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Research on the association between paranoia and self-esteem has yielded inconsistent findings. Some studies have indicated an association between paranoia and low self-esteem, while other studies have shown an association with high self-esteem. A plausible explanation for these inconsistencies is that self-esteem is unstable in paranoid individuals. METHOD: The association between instability in self-esteem and paranoia was assessed in a general population risk set of 4636 individuals using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Self-esteem instability was significantly associated with the presence of paranoid symptoms (OR 1.27 95% CI 1.12-1.45) and not with other positive psychotic symptoms (OR 1.09 95% CI 0.96-1.23), adjusted for a range of a priori selected confounders. CONCLUSION: The finding of a specific association between unstable self-esteem and paranoia is in line with a recent psychological model suggesting that paranoid beliefs arise partly as a consequence of dysfunctional efforts to regulate self-esteem.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0933-7954",
doi="10.1007/s00127-006-0136-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0136-1"
}