@article{ref1,
title="Elevated morning serum interleukin (IL)-6 or evening salivary cortisol concentrations predict posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents six months after a motor vehicle accident",
journal="Psychoneuroendocrinology",
year="2007",
author="Pervanidou, Panagiota and Kolaitis, Gerasimos and Charitaki, Stella and Margeli, Alexandra and Ferentinos, Spyros and Bakoula, Chrysa and Lazaropoulou, Christina and Papassotiriou, Ioannis and Tsiantis, John and Chrousos, George P.",
volume="32",
number="8-10",
pages="991-999",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study examined prospectively the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory factors in children shortly after a motor vehicle accident (MVA) in relation to later posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty six children, aged 7-18, were studied after an MVA and 1 and 6 months later; 40 subjects served as controls. Morning serum cortisol and interleukin (IL)-6 and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured within 24h after the event. Salivary cortisol was measured 5 times at defined time points during the same day. PTSD diagnoses 1 and 6 months later were based on K-SADS interview. RESULTS: Morning serum IL-6 concentrations, measured within the first 24h after the accident, were higher in children that developed PTSD 6 months later than those who did not and those of the control group. Longitudinal IL-6 measurements revealed normalization of IL-6 in the PTSD group, while no differences between the three groups were detected 1 and 6 months later. Evening salivary cortisol and morning serum IL-6 after the accident were positively inter-related (r=0.54, p<0.001) and in separate regression analyses both predicted PTSD development 6 months later. In contrast, morning serum IL-6 did nor correlate with morning serum or salivary cortisol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate posttraumatic alterations in neuroendocrine or inflammatory factors-increased evening salivary cortisol and/or increased morning serum IL-6 concentrations-are involved in subsequent PTSD development in children and adolescents.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-4530",
doi="10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.07.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.07.001"
}