@article{ref1,
title="The association between traumatic experience, paranoia and hallucinations: a test of the predictions of psychological models",
journal="Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica",
year="2007",
author="Gracie, A. and Freeman, D. and Green, S. and Garety, P. A. and Kuipers, E. and Hardy, Amy and Ray, K. and Dunn, G. and Bebbington, Paul and Fowler, David",
volume="116",
number="4",
pages="280-289",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The current study investigated the relationship between trauma and predisposition to hallucinations and to paranoia in a non-clinical sample. METHOD: A total of 228 students completed online measures of trauma, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schematic beliefs, perceptual anomalies, and predisposition to hallucinations and paranoia. RESULTS: Associations were found between negative schematic beliefs, PTSD and predisposition to both paranoia and hallucinations. PTSD reexperiencing-symptoms were most strongly associated with a predisposition to hallucinations. Negative beliefs about self and others were most strongly associated with a predisposition to paranoia. CONCLUSION: The results provide support for the prediction that there may be two routes between trauma and predisposition to psychosis. Clear support was found for a link between trauma and psychosis mediated by negative beliefs about self and others. There may also be a direct association between re-experiencing symptoms and hallucinations.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-690X",
doi="10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01011.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01011.x"
}