@article{ref1,
title="The role of personal values, urban form, and auto availability in the analysis of walking for transportation",
journal="American journal of health promotion",
year="2007",
author="Coogan, Matthew A. and Karash, Karla H. and Adler, Thomas and Sallis, James",
volume="21",
number="Suppl",
pages="363-370",
abstract="PURPOSE: To examine the association of personal values, the built environment, and auto availability with walking for transportation. SETTING: Participants were drawn from 11 U.S. metropolitan areas with good transit services. SUBJECTS: 865 adults who had recently made or were contemplating making a residential move. MEASURES: Respondents reported if walking was their primary mode for nine trip purposes. &quot;Personal values&quot; reflected ratings of 15 variables assessing attitudes about urban and environmental attributes, with high reliability (ot = 0.85). Neighborhood form was indicated by a three-item scale. Three binary variables were created to reflect (1) personal values, (2) neighborhood form, and (3) auto availability. DESIGN: The association with walking was reported for each of the three variables, each combination of two variables, and the combination of three variables. An analysis of covariance was applied, and a hierarchic linear regression model was developed. RESULTS: All three variables were associated with walking, and all three variables interacted. The standardized coefficients were 0.23for neighborhood form, 0.21 for autos per person, and 0.18 for personal values. CONCLUSION: Positive attitudes about urban attributes, living in a supportive neighborhood, and low automobile availability significantly predicted more walking for transportation. A framework for further research is proposed in which a factor representing the role of the automobile is examined explicitly in addition to personal values and urban form.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-1171",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}