@article{ref1,
title="Effects of childhood experiences on cortisol levels in depressed adults",
journal="Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry",
year="2007",
author="Joyce, P. R. and Williamson, Samantha A. H. and McKenzie, J. M. and Frampton, Christopher M. A. and Luty, Suzanne E. and Porter, R. J. and Mulder, Roger T.",
volume="41",
number="1",
pages="62-65",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of childhood abuse and parental bonding on cortisol levels in depressed adults. METHODS: Mean afternoon cortisol levels were measured in 192 depressed adult patients at the beginning of a treatment trial. Childhood experiences of physical and sexual abuse were ascertained by interview, and perceived parenting by self-report. RESULTS: Maternal affectionless control, childhood sexual and physical abuse were all associated with cortisol levels. CONCLUSION: Childhood experiences, especially maternal affectionless control, appear to be related to hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis function in depressed adults.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0004-8674",
doi="10.1080/00048670601050473",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601050473"
}