@article{ref1,
title="High visibility safety apparel and nighttime conspicuity of pedestrians in work zones",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="2004",
author="Sayer, James R. and Mefford, Mary Lynn",
volume="35",
number="5",
pages="537-546",
abstract="PROBLEM: Every year numerous occupational fatalities result from pedestrians being struck by motor vehicles intruding into work zones. METHOD: Attributes of retroreflective personal safety garments on pedestrian conspicuity at night were assessed in a field study. Using instrumented vehicles on a closed track, participants drove through simulated work zones attempting to detect pedestrians located in the work zones. RESULTS: Configuration of the retroreflective trim, trim color, placement in the work zone, and driver age significantly affected pedestrian conspicuity. Intensity and the amount of retroreflective trim did not. DISCUSSION: Personal safety garments incorporating retroreflective trim significantly improve pedestrian conspicuity in work zones. SUMMARY: The results emphasize the importance of retroreflective trim on personal safety garments, particularly if the trim is located on garment sleeves. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: We examine the design attributes that contribute to making a personal safety garment conspicuous. The results have implications regarding preferred garment designs, industry standards, and service life of personal safety garments.",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.007"
}