@article{ref1,
title="Concussion Symptom Inventory: an empirically derived scale for monitoring resolution of symptoms following sport-related concussion",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2009",
author="Randolph, Christopher and Millis, Scott R. and Barr, William B. and McCrea, Michael and Guskiewicz, Kevin M. and Hammeke, Thomas A. and Kelly, James P.",
volume="24",
number="3",
pages="219-229",
abstract="Self-report post-concussion symptom scales have been a key method for monitoring recovery from sport-related concussion, to assist in medical management, and return-to-play decision-making. To date, however, item selection and scaling metrics for these instruments have been based solely upon clinical judgment, and no one scale has been identified as the &quot;gold standard&quot;. We analyzed a large set of data from existing scales obtained from three separate case-control studies in order to derive a sensitive and efficient scale for this application by eliminating items that were found to be insensitive to concussion. Baseline data from symptom checklists including a total of 27 symptom variables were collected from a total of 16,350 high school and college athletes. Follow-up data were obtained from 641 athletes who subsequently incurred a concussion. Symptom checklists were administered at baseline (preseason), immediately post-concussion, post-game, and at 1, 3, and 5 days post-injury. Effect-size analyses resulted in the retention of only 12 of the 27 variables. Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were used to confirm that the reduction in items did not reduce sensitivity or specificity. The newly derived Concussion Symptom Inventory is presented and recommended as a research and clinical tool for monitoring recovery from sport-related concussion.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acp025",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acp025"
}