@article{ref1,
title="Violence does not influence early pregnancy loss",
journal="Fertility and sterility",
year="2003",
author="Grisso, Jeane Ann and Nelson, Deborah B. and Datner, E. and Ness, Roberta B. and Brensinger, Colleen M. and Joffe, Marshall M. and Shaw, Lynn and McMahon, Katherine",
volume="80",
number="5",
pages="1205-1211",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between physical violence, controlling behavior, and spontaneous abortion (SAB). DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Emergency department of a university hospital. PATIENT(S): One thousand one hundred ninety-nine pregnant women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): Physical violence and controlling behavior. RESULT(S): Cases experienced a SAB (n = 392) and controls maintained their pregnancy through 22 weeks (n = 807). Fifteen percent of women reported violence during the pregnancy, and 49% had reported one or more past episodes of violence. We found no relationship between any measure of physical violence (past, current, or by perpetrator) and the risk of SAB. CONCLUSION(S): Although physical violence was very prevalent in the study population, exposure to violence did not influence the risk of SAB.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0015-0282",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}