@article{ref1,
title="Design optimization of metallic hexagonal cross sections",
journal="International journal of crashworthiness",
year="2004",
author="Chow, C. L. and Jie, M. and Yaw, Y",
volume="9",
number="1",
pages="25-33",
abstract="<a id=&quot;abstract-eng-p1&quot; name=&quot;abstract-eng-p1&quot;>This paper presents an investigation of design optimization of hexagonal ring-structures with particular emphasis on their impact energy management. The design optimization focuses on two principal design objectives, namely stability of force-displacement diagram (FDD) and large unit mass energy dissipation (UMED). The optimization is achieved using a two-step approach. The first step is to develop, based on an analytical method, a set of design-guidelines to determine preliminary geometry of an energy-absorbing device (EAD). The analytical method entails the derivation of governing equations used to satisfy the FDD of the structure geometry. The second step involves an optimization procedure that employs a computer simulation with the finite element method (FEM). The computer simulation helps finalize the EAD geometry that would satisfy both the FDD and UMED after an optimization process. A concept of stress criterion is developed and employed to efficiently achieve a stable FDD in the optimization process. For the illustration of the entire design process, three design examples are given for the design of metallic hexagonal structures.</a>",
language="",
issn="1358-8265",
doi="10.1533/ijcr.2004.0269",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2004.0269"
}