@article{ref1,
title="Hospitalizations for near drowning in California: incidence and costs",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="1995",
author="Trent, Roger B. and Ellis, Alicia A.",
volume="85",
number="8 Pt 1",
pages="1115-1118",
abstract="California hospital discharge data for 1991 were examined to describe persons hospitalized for near drownings (i.e., a submersion incident for which the victim was admitted to a hospital). Among residents with near-drowning injuries, there were 865 discharges, regardless of outcome (rate = 2.8/100,000); 785 persons survived the hospitalization, and 80 (9%) did not. Swimming pools were the most common submersion site (62%). Highest rates per 100,000 were found among males (3.6), Blacks (3.6), and children 1 through 5 years old (18.4). Charges for the initial hospitalization (excluding physicians' fees) amounted to $11.4 million. The state government's share of these charges was $5.4 million, with Medi-Cal expected to pay $4.1 million. Blacks, males, Medi-Cal recipients, and young children are most at risk and should be targeted for prevention programs.",
language="",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}