@article{ref1,
title="Assessing Mental Health Outcomes of Political Violence and Civil Unrest in Peru",
journal="International journal of social psychiatry",
year="2009",
author="Tremblay, Jacques and Pedersen, Duncan and Errázuriz, Consuelo",
volume="55",
number="5",
pages="449-463",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Sustained political violence (SPV) may have long-term effects. AIMS: To assess mental and residual effects of exposure to SPV. To validate a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessment tool in Quechua-speaking Peru. METHOD: Survey of 373 individuals aged 15 and over using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and a Trauma Questionnaire (TQ), derived from the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Sociodemographics were recorded. Reliability was assessed. Data reduction used factor analysis and modelling multiple regressions. RESULTS: A quarter of the sample had symptoms compatible with PTSD. Questionnaire reliability ranged from 0.81 to 0.89. Factor analysis confirmed high construct validity for TQ and HSCL-25. Modelling showed a strong association of PTSD-related symptoms and expressions of distress with the degree of exposure to SPV, especially among returnees. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term consequences of exposure to SPV take the form of PTSD, anxiety and depressive disorders, and culturally formulated expressions of distress. Some implications for clinicians are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-7640",
doi="10.1177/0020764009103214",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764009103214"
}