@article{ref1,
title="Flow improvement caused by agents who ignore traffic rules",
journal="Physical review E: Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics",
year="2009",
author="Baek, Seung Ki and Minnhagen, Petter and Bernhardsson, Sebastian and Choi, Kweon and Kim, Byoung J.",
volume="80",
number="1 Pt 2",
pages="016111-016111",
abstract="A system of agents moving along a road in both directions is studied numerically within a cellular-automata formulation. An agent steps to the right with probability q or to the left with 1-q when encountering other agents. Our model is restricted to two agent types, traffic-rule abiders (q=1) and traffic-rule ignorers (q=1/2) , and the traffic flow, resulting from the interaction between these two types of agents, which is obtained as a function of density and relative fraction. The risk for jamming at a fixed density, when starting from a disordered situation, is smaller when every agent abides by a traffic rule than when all agents ignore the rule. Nevertheless, the absolute minimum occurs when a small fraction of ignorers are present within a majority of abiders. The characteristic features for the spatial structure of the flow pattern are obtained and discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1539-3755",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}