@article{ref1,
title="Validation of the Armenian Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Ces-D) Among Ethnic Armenians in Lebanon",
journal="International journal of social psychiatry",
year="2009",
author="Kazarian, S. S.",
volume="55",
number="5",
pages="442-448",
abstract="Background: The aim of this paper is to report on the Armenian version of the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Armenian CES-D) and its validity and reliability when administered to a community sample of ethnic Armenians in Lebanon. Method: A total of 172 participants completed the Armenian CES-D Scale, the Mood Rating Scale, the Armenian Psychological Well-Being Scale and the General Family Functioning Scale. The factor structure and internal consistency of the Armenian CES-D and its correlation with the remaining measures were evaluated. Results: Two factors correlating r = 0.34 with each other were obtained. The depression factor comprised 16 psychological, somatic and interpersonal expressions of depressive symptoms and correlated r = 0.97 with Armenian CES-D scores. The well-being factor comprised four positive expressions of affect and correlated r = 0.34 with Armenian CES-D scores. Depression scores correlated r = —0.39 with psychological well-being scores,  r = —0.34 with mood ratings and r = —0.23 with family functioning scores; the comparable correlations for well-being scores were r = —0.46, r = —0.41, and r = —0.33, respectively. Conclusions: The Armenian CES-D is likely measuring two distinct aspects of mental health, depression and well-being, and the depression factor may be as adequate in measuring the Armenian depressed mind as the 20-item Armenian CES-D Scale.<p />",
language="",
issn="0020-7640",
doi="10.1177/0020764008100548",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764008100548"
}