@article{ref1,
title="Short-term effects of psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal stressors on criminal violence--a case-crossover study",
journal="Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology",
year="2006",
author="Haggard-Grann, Ulrika and Hallqvist, Johan and Långström, Niklas and Moller, Jette",
volume="41",
number="7",
pages="532-540",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyse the triggering or acute risk effect of psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal stressors on criminal violence. METHOD: One hundred and thirty three violent offenders were recruited from a forensic psychiatric evaluation (FPE) unit and a national prison evaluation unit in Sweden during 2002-2003, and were interviewed about trigger exposures. A case-crossover design was used eliminating long-term within individual confounding. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation or parasuicide within 24 h before the violent event conferred a ninefold risk increase. In contrast, violent ideation did not trigger criminal violence. Hallucinations yielded a fourfold risk increase, whereas paranoid thoughts were associated with a small and statistically non-significant risk increase. Acute conflicts with others and being denied psychiatric care within 24 h before violence also increased the risk of acting violently. CONCLUSIONS: Some tested psychiatric symptoms and stressors triggered criminal violence, whereas others did not. The case-crossover design may be particularly useful for the study of triggers of violence.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0933-7954",
doi="10.1007/s00127-006-0056-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0056-0"
}