@article{ref1,
title="The incidence and burden of ladder, structure, and scaffolding falls",
journal="Academic emergency medicine",
year="2005",
author="Diggs, Brian S. and Lenfesty, Barbara and Arthur, Melanie and Hedges, J. R. and Newgard, Craig D. and Mullins, R. J.",
volume="12",
number="3",
pages="267-270",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: The national morbidity and mortality associated with falls from a height is incompletely described. The authors estimated the rates of injury, hospitalization, and mortality due to these falls for subgroups of the U.S. population. METHODS: Administrative databases (1995-2000) provided national samples of patients treated for injuries following a fall from a height (ICD-9-CM E-codes E881.0, E881.1, or E882). Inpatient data are from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, and emergency department data are from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. RESULTS: A total of 347,484 (95% confidence interval = 308,417 to 386,551) emergency department presentations occur annually for injuries following a fall. Hospitalized patients older than 75 years of age had a 3.3% case fatality, and 42% were discharged to a skilled nursing facility. For patients older than 55 years of age, 86% of falls were not work related. CONCLUSIONS: Ladder and structure falls by elders are a substantial emergency department problem warranting thorough clinical evaluation and injury prevention efforts.",
language="",
issn="1069-6563",
doi="10.1197/j.aem.2004.10.028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2004.10.028"
}