@article{ref1,
title="Severe upper extremity injuries in frontal automobile crashes: The effects of depowered airbags",
journal="American journal of emergency medicine",
year="2005",
author="Jernigan, M. Virginia and Rath, Amber L. and Duma, Stefan M.",
volume="23",
number="2",
pages="99-105",
abstract="Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of depowered frontal airbags on the incidence of severe upper extremity injuries. Methods: The National Automotive Sampling System database files from 1993 to 2000 were examined in a study that included 2,413,347 occupants who were exposed to an airbag deployment in the United States. Results: Occupants exposed to a depowered airbag deployment were significantly more likely to sustain a severe upper extremity injury (3.9%) than those occupants exposed to a full-powered airbag deployment (2.5%) ( P = .01). Full-powered systems resulted in an injury distribution of 89.2% fractures and 7.9% dislocations compared with depowered systems with 55.3% fractures and 44.3% dislocations. Conclusions: Although depowered airbags were designed to reduce the risk of injuries, they appear to have increased the overall incidence of severe upper extremity injuries through a shift from long bone fractures to joint dislocations.",
language="",
issn="0735-6757",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}