@article{ref1,
title="Effects of rape victim resistance, assault outcome, and sex of observer on attributions about rape",
journal="Journal of personality",
year="1979",
author="Krulewitz, Judith E. and Nash, J. E.",
volume="47",
number="4",
pages="557-574",
abstract="Perceptions of sexual assault were investigated as a function of sex of observer, nature of victim resistance, and assault outcome. Two hundred twenty-nine subjects were randomly assigned by sex to six resistance x outcome conditions. Hypotheses that women and men apply sex-role stereotypes in evaluating the rape situation were supported: (a) subjects were more certain that rape had occurred as the victim resisted more; (b) subjects attributed greater responsibility to the victim for completed that for attempted rape, while the reverse pattern was found for the assailant; (c) women attributed more responsibility to the assailant than did men; and (d) men attributed less fault and more intelligence, and women attributed more fault and less intelligence to the rape victim as she resisted more forcefully. Attributional terms; fault, blame, and responsibility were found not to be interchangeable. Rape attributions are discussed within the contexts of identification with victim's situation and perceptions of victim's control. Implications for choice of self-defense strategy and treatment of rape victims are also considered.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3506",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}