@article{ref1,
title="Do "whiplash" victims with neck pain differ from those with neck pain and other symptoms?",
journal="Annual proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine",
year="2001",
author="Tencer, A. F. and Mirza, Shirin and Cummings, P.",
volume="45",
number="",
pages="203-214",
abstract="Studying 432 patients with "whiplash" neck pain after a low speed rear-end crash, we determined whether those who reported associated symptoms (arm or low back pain) differed from those with neck pain only. Exposure variables were: age, gender, height, weight, surprised by impact, rotated position of the head, and pre-existing cervical or lumbar spinal degeneration. Immediate symptoms were considered. Odds ratios (OR) were derived from logistic regression. Only pre-existing lumbar spinal degeneration was associated with having arm symptoms (OR = 9.6, CI = 1.1, 83.6) or low back pain (OR = 23.3, CI = 2.6, 206.7) along with neck pain.",
language="",
issn="1540-0360",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}