@article{ref1,
title="Simulation of air-bag impact on post-radial keratotomy eye using finite element analysis",
journal="Journal of cataract and refractive surgery",
year="2001",
author="Uchio, E. and Ohno, S. and Kudoh, K. and Kadonosono, Kazuaki and Andoh, K. and Kisielewicz, L. T.",
volume="27",
number="11",
pages="1847-1853",
abstract="PURPOSE: To determine the physical and mechanical conditions of an impacting air bag that causes corneal rupture in a post-radial keratotomy (RK) eye using a simulation model of the human eye. SETTING: Numerical simulation study on a computer. METHODS: The simulations were performed by a computer using the finite element analysis program PAM-CRASH (Nihon ESI). The air bag was set to impact the surface of a post-RK eye with 4, 6, or 8 corneal incisions at various velocities. Strain on the corneal tissue including scarred incisions exceeding 9.0% was assumed to indicate the possibility of corneal rupture. RESULTS: At a medium velocity of 30 m/s, corneal rupture was likely to occur. At an air-bag impact velocity of 40 m/s, 3 of 4, 5 of 6, and 8 of 8 incisions were likely to rupture in the case of 4-, 6-, and 8-incision procedures, respectively, leading to likely globe rupture in all situations. Lacerations extended beyond the incisions and involved the intact cornea at a velocity of 40 m/s. If the corneal tissue strength reduction was increased to 90%, most incisions were likely to rupture at impact velocities greater than 35 m/s in all incision procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The results could partly reflect a reported case of globe rupture after RK and suggest that severe ocular trauma can be caused in the post-RK eye by air bags at ordinary impact velocities.",
language="",
issn="0886-3350",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}