@article{ref1,
title="Association between childhood community safety interventions and hospital injury records: a multilevel study",
journal="Journal of epidemiology and community health",
year="2003",
author="Sellstrom, E. and Guldbrandsson, K. and Bremberg, Sven and Hjern, Anders and Arnoldsson, G.",
volume="57",
number="9",
pages="724-729",
abstract="STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study municipal variations in  children's injury risk and to assess the impact of safety promotion  measures in general municipal, preschool, school, and leisure activity settings,  on injury outcome. DESIGN: A cohort study based on individual data on  children's consumption of hospital care as a result of injury, the age and  sex of each child, and socioeconomic data on each child's mother. Municipal  characteristics-that is, population density and municipal safety measures-were  also used. Connections between individual and community level determinants were  analysed with multilevel logistic regression. SETTING: Twenty five  municipalities in Stockholm County in Sweden were studied. PARTICIPANTS:  Children between 1 and 15 years old in 25 municipalities in Stockholm County,  identified in the Total Population Register in Sweden. The study base included 1  055 179 person years. MAIN RESULTS: Municipality injury rates varied between  3.84-7.69 per 1000 person years among 1-6 year olds and, between 0.86-6.18 among  7-15 year olds. Implementation of multiple safety measures in a municipality had  a significant effect on the risk of injury for preschool children. In  municipalities that implemented few safety measures, the risk of injury was 33%  higher than in municipalities that implemented many. A similar effect, though  insignificant, was observed in the school aged children. CONCLUSIONS: This study  shows that how municipalities organise their safety activities affect injury  rates. Sweden has a comparatively low injury rate and thus, in a European  perspective, there is an obvious potential for municipal safety  efforts.",
language="",
issn="0143-005X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}