@article{ref1,
title="Ethylene glycol intoxication: evaluation of kinetics and crystalluria",
journal="American journal of medicine",
year="1988",
author="Jacobsen, D. and Hewlett, T. P. and Webb, Roger and Brown, S. T. and Ordinario, A. T. and McMartin, K. E.",
volume="84",
number="1",
pages="145-152",
abstract="Ethylene glycol and glycolate kinetics were studied in two cases of ethylene glycol intoxication with maximal ethylene glycol/glycolate concentrations of 40.9/26.8 and 56.4/22.4 mmol/liter, respectively. Both patients survived, but with prolonged renal failure, upon treatment with bicarbonate, ethanol, and hemodialysis. Glycolic acid was the major cause of the metabolic acidosis in both cases; lactate levels were only slightly elevated. Kinetic calculations showed that both ethylene glycol and glycolate were distributed in total body water with plasma half-lives of 8.4 and 7.0 hours, respectively. The half-life of ethylene glycol was increased more than 10-fold by ethanol treatment alone. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystalluria was dominant in both cases, but in one was preceded by a short period with mainly dihydrate excretion; crystalluria was not present upon admission. Repetitive urine microscopy in search of needle- or envelope-shaped crystals should be performed when ethylene glycol intoxication is suspected.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9343",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}